Fig. 1
Growth of gold nanostructures with high F d in pristine areas (total dose at t = 0 is quasi-null). a, b LCTEM image series acquired with \(\dot{d}\) = 155 electrons/Å2s. Gold nanorods deposited on the top window during sample preparation are seen on the images at t = 0. Red arrows indicate the NPs growing on the top window (same focus than the nanorods), whereas black arrows show the NPs growing on the bottom window. Blue arrows highlight the in-plane growth directions of the NPs. Acquisition time is indicated over each image. These two image series were acquired in different areas. c Filling degree of NPs as a function of time. d, e Logarithmic relationship between the radius of nanostructure-circumscribed circle and time for NPs on the top and bottom windows, respectively. The red curves show that the linear fits of the data points and the slopes of these fits (α) are indicated. All the data in Fig. 1c–e are measured on the NPs labelled from 1 to 6 in Fig. 1a, b and the NP in Fig. 2