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Fig. 2 | Advanced Structural and Chemical Imaging

Fig. 2

From: Detecting structural variances of Co3O4 catalysts by controlling beam-induced sample alterations in the vacuum of a transmission electron microscope

Fig. 2

Dose dependent contrast and single atom detection. a Single images of a spinel Co3O4 [114] catalyst recorded with the indicated total electron dose per image. A 1 s exposure time was used. b Estimated total electron doses for the detection of single atoms with different atomic number Z in BF HRTEM (green), HAADF STEM (red), and SE (blue) detection modes. For details see text. c Typical dose rates and time constants in HAADF STEM mode. d Typical dose rates and time constants in HRTEM mode. Low dose rate in-line holography [4] can be used to record images with the low dose rates that are used in biological sciences and the method allows to build up the needed total dose for the detection of single atoms by the acquisition of large image series

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